From the microbial ellagitannin cascade to ubiquitin-mediated mitophagy and human trials: primary outcomes, secondary signals, pharmacokinetics, and urolithin A safety.
From berry composition and lignan stereochemistry to chaperones, mitochondrial glutathione, Nrf2, and neuroendocrine hypotheses: human research, standardization, and drug interactions.
From a bacterial quinone cofactor and cellular mitochondrial biogenesis to cardiac and brain models, small human studies, and toxicological limits.
H₂ biophysics, Henry's law, competition in radical reactions, Nrf2/Keap1, inflammatory and mitochondrial pathways, and early clinical trials including the negative primary endpoint of HYBRID II.
A detailed account of reversible AChE inhibition, pharmacokinetics, NMDA, mitochondria, Nrf2 and APP. Dementia trials are distinguished from cell and animal findings, with safety, interactions and practical assessment of memory complaints.