How TPP⁺ uses membrane potential, how MitoQ and SkQ1 differ, and why dose-dependent prooxidant effects matter. Cardiolipin, alternative carriers, vascular and ocular trials, pharmacokinetics and proposed combinations.
Telomere protection, DDR and p53–PGC connect genome status with mitochondrial energy. Shelterin, BER, mouse experiments, telomere disorders and the limits of intervention claims.
How SIRT3 uses NAD⁺ to remove acetyl marks and regulate LCAD, ACSS1, HMGCS2, IDH2 and SOD2. Structure, import, respiration, mPTP, deficiency models and the limits of clinical claims about supplements and exercise.
Fusion and fission mechanochemistry, ER contacts, DRP1 regulation and PINK1–Parkin; inherited disorders and limits of preclinical interventions.
How MCU, MICU and EMRE admit Ca²⁺ from ER microdomains, support dehydrogenases and interact with NCLX. Structures, equations, overload and limits of pharmacological and nutritional inference.
MnSOD structure, matrix import, catalysis and coupling to peroxidases. Nitric-oxide competition, SIRT3 regulation, rs4880, deficiency models and clinical limits of interventions targeting SOD2.