NutriFit Editorial
Editorial team of the NutriFit knowledge base
About the author
The editorial team produces reference materials on nutrition, laboratory markers and the daily work of a nutrition professional: the biomarker glossary, answers to common questions, breakdowns of calculation methods and tool reviews. The materials are written for the practice of nutritionists, health coaches and wellness specialists rather than as general weight-loss advice.
Qualification and limits of competence
A collective author, not a medical qualification. Materials are informational. A collective byline and source links do not establish that a physician has reviewed a particular article.
Area of responsibility
- Fact-checking against primary sources: PubMed, WHO, clinical guidelines
- Keeping publication, modification and documented expert review dates separate
- No promised outcomes, no superlatives and no figures without a cited source
- Correcting a material when evidence contradicting it appears
Verifiable profiles
Only confirmed profiles owned by NUTRIFIT LLC or by the author.
- NUTRIFIT LLChttps://nutrifit.company/en/about
Materials by this author
Published materials: 50
The complement system: C3a, C5a and the boundary between protection and injury
How complement pathways generate C3b, anaphylatoxins and C5b–9; why endothelial injury is tissue-specific and what positive, negative and retracted clinical findings show.
TNF‑α and its receptors: how TNFR1 and TNFR2 connect inflammation, survival and repair
Two TNF forms, TNFR1 ubiquitin platforms, caspase-8 and MLKL, TNFR2 signaling and the limits of translating cellular mechanisms into clinical therapy.
Dendritic cells and TLRs: how recognition becomes an immune response
Dendritic cells: TLRs, MHC-I/MHC-II processing, cross-presentation, metabolism and tolerance. ZOE-50, IMPACT and the negative ACCESS result.
Vitamin D, VDR and antimicrobial peptides: mechanisms and clinical limits
Local vitamin D metabolism, VDR, CAMP and DEFB4: enzymes, compartments, LL-37 maturation and the limits of clinical infection prevention.
Food-specific IgG4 and IgE allergy: blocking antibodies, degranulation and diagnostic limits
Why food-specific IgG4 neither diagnoses intolerance nor guarantees safety. IgE/FcεRI signalling, IgG4 exchange, BAT, coeliac disease and actual LEAP, EAT, PALISADE and OUtMATCH findings.
Zinc and thymulin: T-cell maturation and the limits of thymus restoration
Zinc-dependent thymulin activity, transport and TCR signaling; age-related involution, positive and negative trials, laboratory limitations, and safety.
Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg: how context shapes CD4+ T-cell responses
Four CD4+ T-cell programs: receptors, transcription, epigenetics and metabolism, clinical trials, and limits of supplement claims.
EGCG and T cells: epigenetics, metabolism and evidence limits
How green tea EGCG interacts with DNMT, FOXP3, NF-κB and mTOR, why mouse findings do not establish stable human Treg, and what clinical studies show about efficacy and liver safety.
NETs: PAD4, immune thrombosis and autoimmune risks
PAD4, NOX2, myeloperoxidase and elastase enzymology; NETs in thrombosis and autoimmunity, chromatin clearance and negative DNase trials.
Pycnogenol: procyanidins, metabolites and the limits of vascular and anti-inflammatory effects
How standardized pine bark extract becomes metabolites, what is known about eNOS, COX and 5-LOX, and where clinical trials show positive or negative results.
Specialized pro-resolving mediators: the biochemistry of resolvins, protectins and maresins
EPA/DHA enzymatic pathways, stereochemistry, receptors and efferocytosis. Analytical limits of SPM measurements and findings from small studies, REDUCE-IT, STRENGTH and GAUDI.
hs-CRP: C-reactive protein structure, local inflammation, and vascular risk
Pentameric and monomeric CRP structure, calcium and phosphocholine, complement regulation, vascular effects, and the limits of causal inference from hs-CRP. Positive and negative cardiovascular trials.
Interleukin-6: receptor context, trans-signaling, and the limits of selective therapy
How IL-6 receptors, ADAM10/17 proteolysis, and JAK–STAT3 shape tissue responses, what olamkicept trials found, and why selectivity has limits.
Resveratrol and immune signalling: STAT3, NF-κB and the contradictions of SIRT1
STAT3, NF-κB and NAD⁺-dependent deacetylation; conflicting Th17/Treg findings, pharmacokinetics and positive and negative clinical trials.
Curcuminoids: IKK, NF-κB, TNF-α, and the limits of evidence in rheumatoid arthritis
How structural differences between curcumin, DMC, and BDMC affect redox chemistry and IKK/NF-κB signaling; what positive and negative RA trials show, and where evidence of efficacy and safety ends.
Lactoferrin binds iron: antimicrobial peptides and clinical evidence
How lactoferrin coordinates Fe³⁺, how lactoferricin and other experimental mechanisms are studied, and what trials show for preterm sepsis, anemia, H. pylori, and respiratory infections.
Monolaurin: membrane mechanisms, enveloped viruses, and the limits of clinical evidence
How GML amphiphilicity changes membranes, why activity depends on the medium, and what short human topical studies actually found. Covers viral spectrum, cell signaling, hydrolysis, and the absence of an established oral treatment regimen.
Boswellic acids: AKBA, lipoxygenases, and the limits of clinical cartilage protection
How AKBA modulates lipoxygenases, why exposure limits mechanistic translation, and what positive and negative Boswellia trials show.
Fungal β-glucans, Dectin-1, and trained innate immunity: molecular form and limits of clinical inference
Structure of β-(1→3)/(1→6)-glucans, Dectin-1 recognition, and cellular trained-immunity models; human studies of yeast and mushroom products, safety, and limits on extrapolating results.
Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra): Composition, Antiviral Hypotheses, and Clinical Limits
What is known about elderberry cyanidin anthocyanins and neuraminidase, the limits of pharmacokinetic evidence, and why small positive trials coexist with a negative RCT in PCR-confirmed influenza. Raw-material safety and the absence of a universal dose are considered separately.
Purple coneflower: alkylamides, CB2, and the limits of immune effects
Echinacea alkylamide chemistry, CB2-dependent and independent cellular responses, human pharmacokinetics, and mixed clinical findings, with limits on extrapolation.
Andrographis, andrographolide, NF-κB p50, and acute respiratory infection evidence
Andrographis paniculata chemistry, the preclinical Cys62 p50 NF-κB mechanism, trials of specific extracts for ARI symptoms, pharmacokinetics, and current allergy-safety signals.
The NLRP3 Inflammasome: Assembly, IL-1β, and the Limits of the Inflammaging Model
NLRP3 assembly, priming, K⁺ efflux, IL-1β/IL-18 maturation, and clinical evidence are considered separately. Inflammaging is not one sensor, and IL-1β blockade is not direct NLRP3 inhibition.
Quercetin and luteolin: mast-cell signaling pathways and the limits of clinical evidence
How mast-cell receptors and calcium signals work, what quercetin and luteolin studies show, and why cell mechanisms do not establish direct CRAC blockade or MCAS treatment.
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: Mediators, Diagnosis, and Limits of Therapy
How to distinguish MCAS from mastocytosis and allergy; event-related tryptase, histamine, PGD₂, leukotrienes, diagnostic criteria, treatment evidence, and safety limits.
Postbiotics and the Bacterial Cell Wall: MDP, NOD2, and the Limits of Immune Effects
A professional review of bacterial wall composition, MDP access to NOD2, signaling and genetic pathways, and the limits of clinical evidence for specific inactivated preparations.
Fecal calprotectin: from neutrophil to decisions in IBD and IBS
How the S100A8/S100A9 complex reaches stool from neutrophils, what the assay measures, and why thresholds differ for suspected IBD, remission monitoring, and postoperative follow-up.
Secretory IgA (sIgA): polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) transcytosis, immune exclusion of pathogens, and symbiosis with commensal microbiota
How secretory IgA is assembled and transported across the epithelium, how it can limit pathogens while supporting some commensals, and why stool sIgA alone is not a diagnosis or treatment target.
Tributyrin and Sodium Butyrate: Chemistry, Delivery, and Limits of Clinical Inference
How tributyrin and sodium butyrate differ in chemistry, lipolysis, release location, and clinical evidence—and why molecular composition alone does not prove delivery to the colon.
Berberine and the Intestinal Barrier: AMPK, Tight Junctions, and the Limits of Clinical Evidence
How berberine affects AMPK, MLCK, ZO-1, and occludin in epithelial injury models; pharmacokinetics, separate IBS-D and ulcerative-colitis findings, and limits of clinical inference.
BSH and bile acids: from microbial deconjugation to receptors and clinical evidence
How BSH cleaves conjugated bile acids, how bai-dependent DCA and LCA formation differs, and where evidence on FXR, TGR5, diarrhea, and inhibitors ends.
Enteric nervous system: serotonin, 5-HT4, and propulsive motility
A detailed account of TPH1/TPH2, enterochromaffin cells, 5-HT4 and 5-HT3, ENS reflexes, and prucalopride outcomes, separating motility models from established treatment effects.
Intestinal–vascular barrier (GVB): PV1, portal blood, and limits of clinical inference
How the epithelial and vascular boundaries differ, what PLVAP/PV1 marks, what mouse models show about Salmonella and MASH, and where human diagnostic and treatment claims stop.
Dietary histamine, diamine oxidase, and AOC1: from enzyme reaction to clinical decisions
How DAO and HNMT handle dietary histamine, what AOC1 variants and serum tests show, and what challenge studies and small enzyme-supplement trials can establish.
FODMAPs in IBS: carbohydrate chemistry, small-intestinal water, microbial fermentation, and sensitivity to distension
From the chemistry of fructans, GOS, lactose, fructose, and polyols to small-bowel water on MRI, microbial metabolites, sensitivity to distension, and a three-phase dietary strategy.
Dietary lectins: glycan binding, the intestinal barrier, and real-world exposure
How WGA and PHA bind glycans, what permeability models show, why undercooked beans can cause acute poisoning, and why clinical effects of cooked wheat remain uncertain.
TMAO: microbial TMA, hepatic FMO3, renal clearance, and cardiovascular evidence
The complete pathway from choline and carnitine through CutC/CutD, CntA/B, and FMO3 to TMAO elimination; mechanistic models, human feeding studies, observational associations, fish, and CKD.
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase: LPS chemistry, the microbiota, and clinical limits
ALPI enzymology, lipid A and ATP dephosphorylation, microbiota, regulation, and human trials: negative primary outcomes in STOP-AKI and REVIVAL and limits of ulcerative-colitis data.
Bromelain and papain: proteolysis, absorption, and clinical limits
The catalytic cycle of plant C1 proteases, food-protein hydrolysis, trace bromelain absorption, and the distinction between cellular mechanisms, brief trials, and unproven systemic thrombolysis.
Betaine HCl and hypochlorhydria: proton secretion, pepsin, and absorption
Gastric proton-pump physiology, pepsin activation, mineral and B12 absorption, betaine HCl chemistry and human pH studies. Diagnosis, interactions, regulatory status, and the limits of acid replacement.
Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy: lipase kinetics and delivery
How pancreatic lipase, colipase, bile salts, intestinal pH and enzyme formulations determine digestion—and what human trials, fecal elastase and fat-absorption tests can establish about PERT.
Short-chain fatty acids: butyrate, FFAR2/3 and HDACs
How gut microbes produce acetate, propionate and butyrate, how colonocytes absorb and oxidize them, and how receptor signaling differs from HDAC inhibition. Crypts, Tregs, the barrier, gut hormones and human trials, with corrected calculations and clear limits on clinical inference.
Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL): mucus, secretin and clinical evidence
DGL reduces glycyrrhizin exposure, but does not eliminate risk. Gastric mucus and secretin physiology explain hypotheses; controlled trials show mixed, formulation-specific results.
Zinc L-carnosine: gastric mucosa, Hsp70 and the evidence
How polaprezinc relates to gastric retention, Hsp70 and the intestinal barrier; what aspirin, exercise, H. pylori and mucositis trials actually showed, with elemental zinc calculations and copper risks.
Human milk oligosaccharides: HMO, 2′-FL and the infant microbiome
How HMOs are built, which bacteria use them and what is established for 2′-FL, intestinal barriers, infections and infant feeding. Primary studies are considered alongside adult, synbiotic, allergy and safety evidence, with their practical limitations.
Saccharomyces boulardii: diarrhea, toxins and safety
How probiotic yeast affects bacterial toxins, what trials show about antibiotic-associated diarrhea, why current CDI guidance differs, and when fungemia risk rules out use.
Akkermansia muciniphila: mucus ecology, molecular signals and metabolic health
How Akkermansia processes MUC2 glycans, supports microbial cross-feeding and interacts with the host through proteins and membrane lipids. Live and pasteurized preparations, four human trials including positive and null 2026 outcomes, and the limits of stool-based treatment decisions.
L-ornithine-L-aspartate (LOLA): the urea cycle, glutamine and hyperammonemia
How LOLA substrates connect urea synthesis, liver zonation and muscle glutamine metabolism, and what randomized trials actually show about hepatic encephalopathy, recurrence, acute liver failure and safety.
Essential phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine: liver membranes, lipid remodeling, and the limits of “repair”
DLinPC chemistry, digestion and remodeling, mitochondria, PLA2, fibrosis, VLDL and bile. How model effects differ from MANPOWER, VA and EXCEL outcomes and clinical liver repair.
Silymarin and silibinin: membranes, rRNA and clinical evidence
Extract composition, stereochemistry, oral and IV exposure, membrane experiments, OATP1B3, rat Pol I/rRNA, redox and fibrosis pathways. Primary liver trials, negative endpoints, interactions and formulation limits.
NutriFit is a software tool. We do not diagnose, prescribe treatment or provide medical services. Knowledge base materials are for reference only and do not replace a consultation with a physician.
Other authors
- Sergey StepanovFounder, sole member and Chief Executive Officer of NUTRIFIT LLC